Posts tagged steam locomotive conversion
Converting Coal Fired Steam Locomotives to Oil

FMW SOLUTIONS TO CONVERT STORIED U.K. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE TO OIL IN AN EFFORT TO FUTURE-PROOF NORTH YORKSHIRE MOORS RAILWAY

G R O S M O N T, U. K. | U.S.-based railroad engineering and mechanical contractor FMW Solutions (“FMW”) is excited to announce that it will be working alongside the talented shop forces of the North Yorkshire Moors Railway (“NYMR”) to convert historic steam locomotive “Dame Vera Lynn” from coal to oil. This will be the first full-size steam locomotive oil conversion in the U.K. since the end of steam, and it is a crucial step forward in “future-proofing” the busiest heritage railway in the country.

“We are thrilled to work alongside the NYMR Engineering Department at Grosmont to convert War Department (“WD”) 2-10-0 No. 3672 as part of its upcoming overhaul,” explained FMW President Davidson Ward. “This work will be a trans-Atlantic effort, with key firing components being manufactured both at our workshop in Tennessee and by the NYMR forces at Grosmont. The final installation is anticipated to take place on the NYMR.”

In recent years, domestic sources for high-quality steam coal have dried up in the U.K., and changing climate patterns have caused the NYMR to stop running steam locomotives during the height of summer due to the acute risk of lighting lineside fires. The conversion of Dame Vera Lynn from coal to oil is a key step in the “future-proofing” of steam heritage in the U.K.

“We had a chance to join FMW leadership on the Sugar Express steam operation in Florida and experience enhanced oil firing firsthand,” said NYMR Director of Engineer Paul “Piglet” Middleton. “There is no doubt in my mind that the proposed conversion will enable our railroad to adapt to a changing environment and preserve our ability to run steam in the coming decades.”

Ward was a headline speaker at the U.K. Heritage Railway Association conference last November in Newcastle. The presentation before a sold-out room was well received, and FMW is working with various preserved railways in the U.K. to discuss additional opportunities for oil conversion.

Also during his visit, Ward worked alongside engine crews to get a sense of the NYMR operation, firing and driving steam locomotives on their rugged line. With ruling grades over 2% and an 18-mile mainline, the NYMR is among the steepest and longest heritage railways in the U.K., boasting more than 300,000 passengers per year.

FMW and NYMR inked the deal at the close of 2023 and preliminary engineering work is expected to begin in early 2024. Fundraising for the restoration project is underway, and the timeline to see the locomotive returned to operation largely depends on public donations. To learn more about the opportunity, visit the NYMR website.


North Yorkshire Moors Railway has served as a living museum since 1973, playing a vital role in helping preserve the past and protect the legacy of steam travel for future generations in the UK. Its mission is to engage with wider communities, encourage learning for all, and ensure our future environmental and financial sustainability by being an adaptable, dynamic, and innovative charity that inspires all generations.  To learn more, visit www.nymr.co.uk.

FMW Solutions and its subsidiary National Rail Consulting Group offer professional services for the railroad industry, including mechanical and engineering design, diesel locomotive servicing and repair, rail operations, strategic planning support, marketing, public relations, safety compliance administration, training, and alternative fuel technology research and development. FMW is also an accomplished rail preservation resource, with expertise in the restoration and operation of historic equipment. For more on FMW Solutions, to request a quote, proposal, or to explore opportunities for your railroad operation, visit fmwsolutions.com, email info@fwmsolutions.com, or call (423) 425-9753.

Steam locomotive fuel oil conversion aided by FMW Solutions
FMW Solutions engineers steam locomotive for oil fuel conversion.

Hollidaysburg, PA (March 15th) - The Everett Railroad Company has successfully converted its historic 1920s steam locomotive No. 11 back to fuel oil with help from rail preservation contractor FMW Solutions, allowing the popular tourist railroad operation to improve the locomotive’s performance and simplify its operation.

“With our increased ridership and popularity, the 11 has been operating on our tourist trains now more than ever. It’s become a challenge to get the right coal at a reasonable price, and the quality of coal can greatly affect how a locomotive operates. Combined with our desire to be a good neighbor through reducing smoke, we’ll also be able to simplify our fueling logistics and free up more space for parking,” said Alan Maples, President of the Everett Railroad Company.                       

CAD drawing by FMW Solutions shows a cross section of a steam locomotive smokebox with improvements made to aid the conversion to oil firing.

In addition to designing an improved exhaust nozzle, the engineering work extended the petticoat by 12-inches, reducing the gap between the bellmouth and the nozzle itself to improve draft. This application was largely inspired by L.D. Porta’s Lempor Exhaust system.

The conversion to oil meant more than just changing the fuel. FMW Solutions performed the engineering and design work for the required drafting changes in the locomotive smokebox, which included a new exhaust nozzle, and petticoat extension to optimize draft production without needing to alter the original smokestack. FMW also provided guidance for the firebox and firepan modifications, which Everett Railroad performed in-house.

“There are some major differences in how coal and oil combust, which means that the steam locomotive needs to generate more of a draft on the fire to evenly distribute the heat and draw the fire forward,” explained Wolf Fengler, Vice President of Engineering for FMW Solutions. “Our approach was informed by historic railroad mechanical practices, modern fluid mechanics, and our background in installing similar systems on other locomotives.”       

“Working with FMW Solutions made this an economical solution in more ways than one. With our upcoming season just around the corner, we had a fairly small window to get this conversion right and ensure the conversion itself was cost-effective. FMW had the skills to ensure that this was the case. Their work went a long way to save us money and the engine’s performance now is the best it's ever been,” explained Zach Hall, Everett Railroad steam shop foreman.               

The Everett Railroad constructed a new oil tank for the 11 and Stockton Locomotive Works provided Everett with a burner, firing valve quadrant, and emergency oil shutoff.                   

Built by the Cooke Works of the American Locomotive Company, the locomotive was originally constructed to burn oil for a railroad in Cuba, but ultimately never delivered for its intended use. It was converted to burn coal and served various short line railroads until the 1980s. The 11 was later acquired by the Everett Railroad Company in 2006 and restored to service in 2015.           

The Everett Railroad Company is a short-line freight and tourist railroad headquartered in Hollidaysburg, PA, operating 22 miles of track and providing rail freight transportation for industrial and agricultural customers. Its tourism program has welcomed over 100,000 passengers to the area since 2015. It is currently restoring Huntingdon & Broad Top Mountain Railroad steam locomotive No. 38, which will also be an oil burner. For more information on the Everett Railroad Company, visit everettrailroad.com.                   

FMW Solutions and its subsidiary National Rail Consulting Group offer a suite of professional services for the railroad industry, including mechanical and engineering design, diesel locomotive servicing and repair, rail operations, strategic planning support, marketing, public relations, safety compliance administration, training, and alternative fuel technology research and development. FMW is also an accomplished rail preservation resource, with expertise in the restoration and operation of historic equipment. For more on FMW Solutions, to request a quote, proposal, or to explore opportunities for your railroad operation, visit fmwsolutions.com, email us, or call (423) 425-9753.